Summary
Uremia, kidney disease, and acute intoxication are common medical problems in cats. There is a rapid decrease in glomerular filtration cause by renal ischemia or toxic lesions at this level in acute renal impairment. Doctor Muhammad Khan provides the best nephrology physicians in the USA. This condition often begins with lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, ataxia, or even seizures. Rapid diagnosis and reasonable treatment, such as peritoneal dialysis, can lead to a full recovery.
Adjuvant therapy kitten kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease results from long-term nephropathy (glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis) involving an irreversible reduction in the number of active nephrons. Offset by hypertrophy of other nephrons involving a drastic decrease in glomerular filtration. This condition progresses from depression, dehydration, vomiting, weight loss, shortness of breath. Mouth ulcers, fever, abdominal pain, limb edema, or even nervous disorders to the onset of end-stage anuria.
In chronic kidney disease, peritoneal dialysis has the role of improving. The clinical signs and improving patients’ quality of life throughout the therapy. For real success, cases of renal transplantation have been reported in cats. But it is not yet possible to perform it in Romania. In the case of each patient receiving the indication for peritoneal dialysis, a rigorous clinical examination is performed, supplemented by biochemical and hematological analyzes, as well as a urine examination. It is crucial to know the evolution of the condition and the existence of other states or the medication used for each patient.
Peritoneal dialysis has become a commonly used practice to remove dialyzable toxins (endogenous and exogenous) in both acute renal impairment and chronic kidney disease. Due to the possibility of use in veterinary medicine today and future developments, peritoneal dialysis occupies an important place in treating kidney disease in cats, especially in geriatric patients.
Indications for peritoneal dialysis
Indications for peritoneal dialysis are acute kidney damage and chronic kidney disease, including situations of hyperhydration (using hypertonic dialysis), pulmonary edema, or ethylene glycol, or barbiturate poisoning.
Elevated creatinine and urea levels, hyperkalemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperkalemia, or non-treatment metabolic acidosis can be resolved by peritoneal dialysis.
As crucial as peritoneal dialysis therapy in the fight against the associated signs through proper medication during and after peritoneal dialysis. We can fight hypotension, anemia, vomiting, hypothermia, anaphylactic shock, or bleeding through adjuvant therapy. Thus, cardiac supportive treatment and the administration of antihemorrhagic, antacid, and hemisuccinate hydrocortisone (HHC) are recommended.
Antihemorrhagic
Antihemorrhagic such as teams late, adrenostazine, or vitamin K are indicate in preventing and treating bleeding by rupture of small vessels, being hemostatic that maintains the stability of the capillary wall and reduces bleeding time without affecting coagulation, but not vasoconstrictor or antifibrinolytic. Thus, the platelet glycogen increases, and the bleeding time decreases by 40-50% after the first 30 minutes.
Antacids such as esomeprazole or omeprazole inhibit the activity of the proton pump, lowering the amount of stomach acid and thus neutralizing gastric acidity.
Antivirals play a crucial role, with ondansetron being a significant antagonist with high selectivity for the 5HT3 receptor, a subclass of serotonin receptors located both at the peripheral vagal terminals and within the CNS. The bioavailability of orally administered ondansetron is approximately 60%. The drug is metabolize extensively in the liver, and the metabolites are excrete in the feces and urine.
Hemisuccinate hydrocortisone (HHC) is a biosynthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action.
In patients with renal impairment, no dose reduction of ceftriaxone is required if liver function is expect, associate with white blood cell development.
Hypoalbuminemia
Hypoalbuminemia can be combat by whole blood transfusion and by administering plasma, HES, or albumin. Anemia can be prevent by a complete blood transfusion and erythropoietin 100 IU / kg three times a week in combination with iron dextran.
Erythropoietin (EPO) products are commonly use in cats to treat anemia. Administration has been shown to result in a dose-dependent increase in hematocrit, resulting in the correction of anemia and associate clinical signs within approximately two to eight weeks. Effectively erythropoietin corrects the initial anemia cause by chronic kidney disease, the development of antibodies may make it ineffective. Despite the growth of anti-EPO antibodies, continue administration may endanger the body’s endogenous erythropoietin production and leave the patient dependent on transfusion. Erythropoietin therapy is recommend in cats with advance renal disease.
Acidosis is done by reducing
The control of acidosis is done by reducing the bicarbonate ion, according to the following formula: (desire value – current value) x KG x 0.3 = mEq, dilute 1: 1. A quarter of the deficiency is administer within 12 hours; then, the acid-base status is reassess before administration. Along with fighting dehydration, acidosis is partially combate.
Alkaline therapy is indicate in with chronic kidney disease in stages 1-4 when the blood pH level and bicarbonate concentration are below normal limits. Administering a neutral pH kidney diet can relieve acidosis. When this alone proves ineffective, the administration of alkaline salts, usually sodium bicarbonate or potassium citrate, is indicate. Doctor Muhammad Khan provides the best Clinical Consultation in the USA. The dose of baking soda is 8 to 12 mg/kg body weight, given orally every 8 to 12 hours.
Moderate-severe hyperkalemia may be life-threatening for oliguria or anuric patients. Animals with severe hyperkalemia or persistent oliguria may benefit from additional specific therapies, such as baking soda, insulin glucose, or, in life-threatening situations, calcium gluconate.
Kidney stones
Kidney stones are the most well-known kidney disease represent by the presence of stones locate in the kidneys/ureters/bladder/urethra. The severity of the disease increases with the size of the stone and may require surgical treatment.
The most common symptoms are nausea vomiting, fever, chills, abdominal pain, low back pain; patients may also notice more cloudy or discolored urine.
Interdisciplinary consultations
Some of the diseases in nephrology belong to other areas of medical activity. Which may lead to the need to conduct interdisciplinary checkups for proper monitoring of disease. Diabetes, nutrition, and metabolic diseases, Rheumatology, Cardiology, Surgery. Vascular Surgery, Oncology Medical, and Urology
The diagnosis of kidney disease is establish either after consultation of general medicine. Internal medicine or appears as a complication or association with other coexisting systemic diseases. Of the patient (diabetes, hypertension), which leads to complex management of therapeutic conduct.
Regardless of the context of your suffering, we have right framework to investigate. Diagnose and treat the manifestations and cause causes of illness. So, make an appointment at SANADOR!
Photo gallery
Signs and symptoms
Chronic kidney disease has a slow evolution and shows few signs and symptoms in the early stages. For the reason, many patients with chronic kidney disease are only aware of presence of kidney damage. advance stages, when kidney function is significantly impaire. The absence of medical supervision, symptoms may go unnoticed until kidney damage becomes irreversible.
The most obvious signs and symptoms include cloudy or dark urine. The presence of blood in the urine (hematuria), frequent urination, and low urine.
Diagnosis of chronic kidney disease
For the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. blood and urine tests are perform: serum urea and creatinine, urine summary, urine protein dosing.
The best parameter for assessing renal function is the glomerular filtration rate. It is calculate base on blood tests. Depending on the rate of glomerular filtration, chronic kidney disease is stage.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging – allow detailed visualization of the kidneys a renal biopsy allows the morphological examination of the renal tissue.
